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The Edict of Thessalonica was jointly issued by Theodosius I, emperor of the East, Gratian, emperor of the West, and Gratian's junior co-ruler Valentinian II, on 27 February 380. [4] The edict came after Theodosius had been baptized by the bishop Ascholius of Thessalonica upon suffering a severe illness in that city. [7] IMPPP.
Theodosius was born in Hispania [16] [17] [18] on 11 January, probably in the year 347. [19] His father of the same name, Count Theodosius, was a successful and high-ranking general (magister equitum) under the western Roman emperor Valentinian I, and his mother was called Thermantia. [20]
Solidus of Valentinian II showing Valentinian and Theodosius I on the reverse, each holding a mappa. On the death of Gratian, the 12-year-old Valentinian II (r. 375–392) became the sole augustus in the west. Maximus attempted to persuade Valentinian to move his court to Trier, but Ambrose, suspecting treachery, made excuses while securing the ...
Theodosius the Elder was made magister equitum in 369, and retained the post until 375. [1] The magister equitum and his son Theodosius campaigned against the Alamanni 370. [1] The two Theodosi campaigned against Sarmatians in 372/373. [1] Valentinian's rule in Roman Africa was disrupted by the revolt of Firmus in 373. [2]
Valentinian was born in 321 at Cibalae (now Vinkovci, Croatia) in southern Pannonia [4] [5] into a family of Illyro-Roman origin. [6] Valentinian and his younger brother Valens were the sons of Gratianus (nicknamed Funarius), a military officer renowned for his wrestling skills.
Valentinians identified the God of the Old Testament as the Demiurge, [8] the imperfect creator of the material world. Man, the highest being in this material world, participates in both the spiritual and the material nature. The work of redemption consists in freeing the former from the latter.
As a grandson of Theodosius I (r. 379–395), Valentinian was also a member of the Theodosian dynasty, to which his wife, Licinia Eudoxia, also belonged. A year before assuming the rank of augustus, Valentinian was given the imperial rank of caesar by his half-cousin and co-emperor Theodosius II (r. 402–450).
During the reigns of Gratian, Valentinian II and Theodosius I anti-pagan policies and their penalties increased. By the end of the period of Antiquity and the institution of the Law Codes of Justinian, there was a shift from the generalized legislation which characterized the Theodosian Code to actions which targeted individual centers of paganism.