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Also shown are the insular cortex (purple), the brain stem (black), and the cerebellum (blue). The frontal lobe of the human brain is both relatively large in mass and less restricted in movement than the posterior portion of the brain. [1] It is a component of the cerebral system, which supports goal directed behavior. [2]
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. This area is associated with the impairment of the cognitive abilities that control and regulate behavior and long-term memory formation (especially relating to procedural sequence memory) when either brain damage or a lesion is present. [13] Orbitofrontal cortex
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is a part of the prefrontal cortex in the mammalian brain. The ventral medial prefrontal is located in the frontal lobe at the bottom of the cerebral hemispheres and is implicated in the processing of risk and fear , as it is critical in the regulation of amygdala activity in humans. [ 2 ]
The prefrontal cortex has been defined based on cytoarchitectonics by the presence of a cortical granular layer IV.It is not entirely clear who first used this criterion. Many of the early cytoarchitectonic researchers restricted the use of the term prefrontal to a much smaller region of cortex including the gyrus rectus and the gyrus rostralis (Campbell, 1905; G. E. Smith, 1907; Brodmann ...
[51] [52] As in the case of Michael below, damage to the orbitofrontal cortex has been linked to antisocial and criminal behavior. [ 53 ] [ 54 ] Damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex has been linked to antisocial behavior, poor and amoral decision making, and reduced autonomic response to emotionally arousing stimuli. [ 55 ]
The causes of frontal lobe disorders can be closed head injury. An example of this can be from an accident, which can cause damage to the orbitofrontal cortex area of the brain. [2] Cerebrovascular disease may cause a stroke in the frontal lobe. Tumours such as meningiomas may present with a frontal lobe syndrome. [11]
The prefrontal cortex is involved with mental functions including; affective range of emotions, forethought, and self-control. [92] Moreover, there is a scarcity of mental control displayed by individuals with a dysfunction in this area over their behavior, reduced flexibility and self-control and their difficulty to conceive behavioral ...
Lack of impulse control in children may be attributable to the fact that the prefrontal cortex develops slowly. [56]: 406 Todd A. Hare et al. use functional MRI techniques to show that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) are crucial to the exertion of self-control. They found the vmPFC ...