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Trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis (TMC OA) is, also known as osteoarthritis at the base of the thumb, thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis, basilar (or basal) joint arthritis, or as rhizarthrosis. [ 3 ] [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This joint is formed by the trapezium bone of the wrist and the metacarpal bone of the thumb.
Low-impact exercise such as closed kinetic chain exercises are usually recommended as they are less likely to cause injury when compared to high-impact exercise or contact sports. Heat and cold treatment can help temporarily to relieve the pain of aching joints and muscles but does not address the underlying problems.
The disease begins in the palm and moves towards the fingers, with the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints affected before the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints. [15] The MCP joints at the base of the finger responds much better to treatment and are usually able to fully extend after treatment.
These two elements have favourable results in improvement in flexion impairment of the thumb. [6] However, compared to observation, the benefit of merely extension exercises and splinting are still unclear. [9] It has been recommended to attempt conservative treatment first, before attempting surgical treatment. [6] [9]
Fractures of the fingers occur when the finger or hands hit a solid object. Fractures are most common at the base of the little finger (boxer's fracture). Nerve injuries occur as a result of trauma, compression or over-stretching. Nerves send impulses to the brain about sensation and also play an important role in finger movement.
Treatment typically requires surgery. [2] This intra-articular fracture is the most common type of fracture of the thumb, and is nearly always accompanied by some degree of subluxation or frank dislocation of the carpometacarpal joint. [citation needed]
Symptoms are pain and tenderness at the radial side of the wrist, fullness or thickening over the thumb side of the wrist, painful radial abduction of the thumb, and difficulty gripping with the affected side of the hand. [2] Pain is made worse by movement of the thumb and wrist, and may radiate to the thumb or the forearm. [2]
Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorder vary in their presentation. The symptoms will usually involve more than one of the various components of the masticatory system, muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, bones, connective tissue, or the teeth. [23] The three classically described, cardinal signs and symptoms of TMD are: [11] [24]