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The de Broglie relation, [10] [11] [12] also known as de Broglie's momentum–wavelength relation, [4] generalizes the Planck relation to matter waves. Louis de Broglie argued that if particles had a wave nature, the relation E = hν would also apply to them, and postulated that particles would have a wavelength equal to λ = h / p .
Re-arranging the equation leads to =, where the energy factor E is a scalar value, the energy the particle has and the value that is measured. The partial derivative is a linear operator so this expression is the operator for energy: E ^ = i ℏ ∂ ∂ t . {\displaystyle {\hat {E}}=i\hbar {\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}.}
The assertion that Q is necessary for P is colloquially equivalent to "P cannot be true unless Q is true" or "if Q is false, then P is false". [9] [1] By contraposition, this is the same thing as "whenever P is true, so is Q". The logical relation between P and Q is expressed as "if P, then Q" and denoted "P ⇒ Q" (P implies Q).
If the body is at rest (v = 0), i.e. in its center-of-momentum frame (p = 0), we have E = E 0 and m = m 0; thus the energy–momentum relation and both forms of the mass–energy relation (mentioned above) all become the same. A more general form of relation holds for general relativity.
Logical equality is a logical operator that compares two truth values, or more generally, two formulas, such that it gives the value True if both arguments have the same truth value, and False if they are different.
In logic and mathematics, statements and are said to be logically equivalent if they have the same truth value in every model. [1] The logical equivalence of and is sometimes expressed as , ::, , or , depending on the notation being used.
A binary equaliser (that is, an equaliser of just two functions) is also called a difference kernel.This may also be denoted DiffKer(f, g), Ker(f, g), or Ker(f − g).The last notation shows where this terminology comes from, and why it is most common in the context of abstract algebra: The difference kernel of f and g is simply the kernel of the difference f − g.
E is a high-performance theorem prover for full first-order logic with equality. [1] It is based on the equational superposition calculus and uses a purely equational paradigm. It has been integrated into other theorem provers and it has been among the best-placed systems in several theorem proving competitions.