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There are two means of providing fire-resistance rated ductwork: Inherently fire-resistant, or proprietary factory assembled ducts which are made of sheet metal shells filled with mixtures of rockwool, fiber and silicon dioxide; Sheet metal duct with exterior fireproofing materials such as blanket rockwool, ceramic fiber, or intumescent paint.
A fire-resistance rating typically means the duration for which a passive fire protection system can withstand a standard fire resistance test. This can be quantified simply as a measure of time, or it may entail other criteria, involving evidence of functionality or fitness for purpose.
A fire damper's most important feature is a mechanical fusible link which is a piece of metal that will melt or break at a specified temperature. This allows the damper to close (either from gravity or spring power), effectively sealing the duct, containing the fire, and blocking the necessary air to burn.
Symbols and line conventions, in accordance with industry standard guidance; Labels for pipe, duct, and cable sizes where not shown elsewhere; Components that have a sensing and control function, and links between them—building management systems, fire alarms and HV controls
A duct bank will allow replacement of damaged cables between buildings or additional power and communications circuits to be added, without the expense of re-excavation of a trench. While metal conduit is occasionally used for burial, usually PVC , polyethylene or polystyrene plastics are now used due to lower cost, easier installation, and ...
Fire/smoke dampers are similar to fire dampers in fire resistance rating, and also prevent the spread of smoke inside the ducts. When a rise in temperature occurs, the fire damper closes, usually activated by a thermal element which melts at temperatures higher than ambient but low enough to indicate the presence of a fire, allowing springs to ...
Atkinson resistance is commonly used in mine ventilation to characterise the resistance to airflow of a duct of irregular size and shape, such as a mine roadway. It has the symbol R {\displaystyle R} and is used in the square law for pressure drop,
ISO 10628 Diagrams for the chemical and petrochemical industry specifies the classification, content, and representation of flow diagrams. It does not apply to electrical engineering diagrams. ISO 10628 consists of the following parts: Part 1: Specification of Diagrams (ISO 10628-1:2014) [1] Part 2: Graphical Symbols (ISO 10628-2:2012)