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The dose may need to be adjusted in those with liver or kidney disease. [1] Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is not recommended. [3] It works by stimulating the pancreas to release insulin and increases tissue sensitivity to insulin. [1] Glipizide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1984. [1] It is available as a generic ...
Kidney toxicity [5] associated with kidney failure; associated with development of cancer, particularly of the urinary tract, known carcinogen [8] [9] Atractylate Atractylis gummifera: Liver damage, [3] nausea, vomiting, epigastric and abdominal pain, diarrhoea, anxiety, headache and convulsions, often followed by coma [10]
GLP-1 agonists are being studied for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). They are at least as effective as the medications in current use, pioglitazone and Vitamin E , and significantly reduce steatosis, ballooning necrosis, lobular inflammation, and fibrosis according to a 2023 systematic review. [ 18 ]
A 2020 Cochrane systematic review did not find enough evidence of reduction of all-cause mortality, serious adverse events, cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke or end-stage renal disease when comparing metformin monotherapy to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. [25]
Those included nausea and vomiting, kidney stones, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), sleep issues, stomach cramps, pancreatitis, and gastroparesis (i.e. stomach paralysis).
The human body uses glucuronidation to make a large variety of substances more water-soluble, and, in this way, allow for their subsequent elimination from the body through urine or feces (via bile from the liver). Hormones are glucuronidated to allow for easier transport around the body. Pharmacologists have linked drugs to glucuronic acid to ...
Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys. It is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic chemicals and medications, on kidney function. [1] There are various forms, [2] and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity.
Diabetic nephropathy, also known as diabetic kidney disease, [5] is the chronic loss of kidney function occurring in those with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic nephropathy is the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally. The triad of protein leaking into the urine (proteinuria or albuminuria ...