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Studies on diseases that are similar in nature to PD have revealed insights into the causes of movement disorders. Hypnogenic paroxysmal dyskinesia is a form of epilepsy affecting the frontal lobe . Single genes have been identified on chromosomes 15, 20, and 21, which contribute to the pathology of these epilepsy disorders. [ 4 ]
The ketogenic diet was a popular treatment for pediatric epilepsy prior to the discovery of anti seizure medications. [38] The Modified Atkins Diet (MAD) is a low carbohydrate diet which has caused reductions in seizure frequency and severity, though not as effectively as the ketogenic diet. [26]
By 2007, the ketogenic diet was available from around 75 centres in 45 countries, and less restrictive variants, such as the modified Atkins diet, were in use, particularly among older children and adults. The ketogenic diet was also under investigation for the treatment of a wide variety of disorders other than epilepsy. [1]
Approximately 30% of people with epilepsy have a drug-resistant form. [4] Achieving seizure control in DRE patients is critical, as uncontrolled seizures can lead to irreversible damage to the brain, cognitive impairment, and increased risk for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy .
The ketogenic diet may also influence neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin, which regulate mood, and the gut microbiome, which affects behavior and stress response, Sawhne explained.
Ketogenic diet may be effective as second-line therapy for treatment-resistant cases. Neurosurgery may be indicated in certain cases. [2] [7] Epileptic spasms are commonly classified as symptomatic when a potential cause can be identified, or as cryptogenic if not (though these designations are used inconsistently). [2]
Once diagnosed, a medically supervised ketogenic diet is usually recommended as it can help to control seizures. [21] The ketogentic diet is the current standard of care treatment, with 80% of patients having >90% seizure reduction [13] and improving some movement disorders in approximately two thirds of GLUT1 deficiency patients. [18]
The ketogenic diet consists of a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet, and has shown good results in patients whose epilepsy has not responded to medications and who cannot receive surgery. The vagus nerve stimulator is a device that can be implanted into patients with epilepsy, especially that which originates from a specific part of the brain ...