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The Spanish era (Latin: Æra Hispanica), sometimes called the era of Caesar, was a calendar era (year numbering system) commonly used in the states of the Iberian Peninsula from the 5th century until the 15th, when it was phased out in favour of the Anno Domini (AD) system. [1] The epoch (start date) of the Spanish era was 1 January 38 BC.
The "first written Spanish" was traditionally considered to have appeared in the Glosas Emilianenses located in San Millán de la Cogolla, La Rioja. These are "glosses" (translations of isolated words and phrases in a form more like Hispanic Romance than Latin) added between the lines of a manuscript that was written earlier in Latin.
First viceroy of Peru, Blasco Núñez Vela, overthrown by Spaniards for implementing the New Laws. The indigenous populations in the Caribbean became the focus of the crown in its roles as sovereigns of the empire and patron of the Catholic Church. Spanish conquerors holding grants of indigenous labor in encomienda ruthlessly exploited them. A ...
The Spanish army was stretched as it fought Napoleon's forces because of a lack of supplies and too many untrained recruits, but at Bailén in June 1808, the Spanish army inflicted the first major defeat suffered by a Napoleonic army; this resulted in the collapse of French power in Spain. Napoleon took personal charge and with fresh forces ...
January–September. The first Andalusian campaign led by Alfonso VII of León and Castile with the support of Zafadola and Rodrigo González de Lara against the Almoravids was successful although no territory was occupied. [231] (Date unknown). Abd al-Mu'min becomes the first ruler of the Almohad dynasty. [232] 1134. March.
Detail of the Cantiga #63 (13th century), which deals with a late 10th-century battle in San Esteban de Gormaz involving the troops of Count García and Almanzor. [1]The Reconquista (Spanish and Portuguese for ' reconquest ') [a] or the reconquest of al-Andalus [b] was a series of military and cultural campaigns that European Christian kingdoms waged against the Muslim kingdoms following the ...
He was proclaimed in Vienna, [5] and also in Madrid in the years 1706 and 1710. Charles renounced his claims to the Spanish throne in the Treaty of Rastatt of 1714, but was allowed the continued use of the styles of a Spanish monarch for his lifetime. Philip ascended the Spanish throne but had to renounce his claim to the throne of France for ...
The fall of Tenochtitlan marked the beginning of Spanish colonial rule in Mexico, leading to the establishment of the Viceroyalty of New Spain in 1535. In 1532, Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire by capturing its leader Atahualpa during a surprise attack in Cajamarca that resulted in the massacre of thousands of Incas. [61]