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Photoalignment is a technique for orienting liquid crystals to desired alignment by exposure to polarized light and a photo reactive alignment chemical. [1] It is usually performed by exposing the alignment chemical ('command surface') to polarized light with desired orientation which then aligns the liquid crystal cells or domains to the exposed orientation.
Other liquid crystal materials change color when stretched or stressed. Thus, liquid crystal sheets are often used in industry to look for hot spots, map heat flow, measure stress distribution patterns, and so on. Liquid crystal in fluid form is used to detect electrically generated hot spots for failure analysis in the semiconductor industry. [85]
Homeotropic alignment often appears in the smectic A phase (S A). In discotic liquid crystals homeotropic alignment is defined as the state in which an axis of the column structure, which is formed by disc-like liquid crystalline molecules, aligns perpendicularly to a substance. In other words, this alignment looks like a state in which columns ...
In liquid crystals homogeneous alignment, sometimes called planar alignment, is the state of alignment where molecules align in parallel to a substrate. The opposite method is homeotropic alignment. [1] For planar alignment - polyimides can be used. One of the popular ones is PI-2555.
Optical bonding, including LOCA and non-liquid OCA tape, are used in a wide range of electronic equipment, especially those with touch panels.The adhesive bonds the touch panel to the main liquid crystal display, and also bonds any protective cover, such as the lens, to the touch panel.
[1] [7] Lehmann was the first to coin the term liquid crystal. [8] Studies in liquid crystals soon blossomed, and in 1922 Georges Friedel created the classification system of liquid crystals still used today. In this system, he named the chiral variety of liquid crystals cholesteric, as they were discovered from a cholesterol derivative. [5] [9]
A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals combined with polarizers to display information. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly [1] but instead use a backlight or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome. [2]
The columnar phase is a class of mesophases in which molecules assemble into cylindrical structures to act as mesogens.Originally, these kinds of liquid crystals were called discotic liquid crystals or bowlic liquid crystals [1] because the columnar structures are composed of flat-shaped discotic or bowl-shaped molecules stacked one-dimensionally.