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The West Germanic languages constitute the largest of the three branches of the Germanic family of languages (the others being the North Germanic and the extinct East Germanic languages). The West Germanic branch is classically subdivided into three branches: Ingvaeonic, which includes English, the Low German languages, and the Frisian ...
The following innovations are common to the West Germanic languages: Loss of final /z/. In single-syllable words, Old High German retains it (as /r/), while it disappears in the other West Germanic languages. Change of [ð] (fricative allophone of /d/) to stop [d] in all environments. Change of /lþ/ to stop /ld/ (except word-finally). [53]
The Germanic languages include some 58 (SIL estimate) languages and dialects that originated in Europe; this language family is part of the Indo-European language family. Each subfamily in this list contains subgroups and individual languages. The standard division of Germanic is into three branches: East Germanic languages; North Germanic ...
The thick white line represents Standard Language isogloss (Goossens) between the dialects for which Dutch is the standard language (to the left of the line) and those for whom German is the standard language (right of the line). Striped lines indicate transitional dialects. Low Franconian varieties: (purple) 1. Central Dutch 2. West Flemish 3 ...
Frisian languages belong to the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages, the most widespread language family in Europe and the world. Its closest living genealogical relatives are the Anglic languages , i.e. English and Scots ( Anglo-Frisian languages ); together with the also closely related Low Saxon dialects the two groups make ...
The Anglo-Frisian languages are a sub-branch of the West Germanic languages encompassing the Anglic languages (English, Scots, extinct Fingallian, and extinct Yola) as well as the Frisian languages (North Frisian, East Frisian, and West Frisian). The Anglo-Frisian languages are distinct from other West Germanic languages due to several sound ...
A color-coded map of most languages used throughout Europe. There are over 250 languages indigenous to Europe, and most belong to the Indo-European language family. [1] [2] Out of a total European population of 744 million as of 2018, some 94% are native speakers of an Indo-European language.
Indo-European family tree in order of first attestation Indo-European language family tree based on "Ancestry-constrained phylogenetic analysis of Indo-European languages" by Chang et al. [38] Membership of languages in the Indo-European language family is determined by genealogical relationships, meaning that all members are presumed ...