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Some stones are too large even for cystoscopic treatment and may require open cystotomy, in which an incision is made in the bladder and the stones are removed manually. For children with urinary stones, the evidence supporting treatment options is very weak and high quality trials are necessary to help guide clinical management.
Lithotomy from Greek for "lithos" and "tomos" (), is a surgical method for removal of calculi, stones formed inside certain organs, such as the urinary tract (kidney stones), bladder (bladder stones), and gallbladder (), that cannot exit naturally through the urinary system or biliary tract.
Bladder stones; Atrophy of the detrusor muscle (atonic bladder is an extreme form) Hydronephrosis (congestion of the kidneys) Hypertrophy of the detrusor muscle (the muscle that squeezes the bladder to empty it during urination) Diverticula (formation of pouches) in the bladder wall (which can lead to stones and infection)
Bladder washouts are performed to prevent build up of mucus and debris that can lead to urinary tract infection and increase the chance of a bladder stone. [31] Bladder stones can stop the bladder from emptying completely during catheterization and cause infection. [26] Those with an augmented bladder are more likely than those with a native ...
Modification of predisposing factors can sometimes slow or reverse stone formation. Treatment varies by stone type, but, in general: [citation needed] Healthy diet and exercise (promotes flow of energy and nutrition) Drinking fluids (water and electrolytes like lemon juice, diluted vinegar e.g. in pickles, salad dressings, sauces, soups, shrubs ...
The experimental thulium fiber laser (TFL) is being studied as a potential alternative to the holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) laser for the treatment of kidney stones. The TFL has several potential advantages compared to Ho:YAG laser for lithotripsy, including a four times lower ablation threshold, a near single-mode beam profile, and higher pulse rates ...
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a minimally-invasive procedure to remove stones from the kidney by a small puncture wound (up to about 1 cm) through the skin. It is most suitable to remove stones of more than 2 cm in size and which are present near the pelvic region. It is usually done under general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia.
Treatment of kidney stones in children is similar to treatments for adults, including shock wave lithotripsy, medication, and treatment using scope through the bladder, kidney or skin. [131] Of these treatments, research is uncertain if shock waves are more effective than medication or a scope through the bladder, but it is likely less ...