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Management of tuberculosis refers to techniques and procedures utilized for treating tuberculosis (TB), or simply a treatment plan for TB.. The medical standard for active TB is a short course treatment involving a combination of isoniazid, rifampicin (also known as Rifampin), pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for the first two months.
Treatment of MDR-TB requires treatment with second-line drugs, usually four or more anti-TB drugs for a minimum of 6 months, and possibly extending for 18–24 months if rifampin resistance has been identified in the specific strain of TB with which the patient has been infected. [9] Under ideal program conditions, MDR-TB cure rates can ...
Rifampicin is also used to treat nontuberculous mycobacterial infections including leprosy (Hansen's disease) and Mycobacterium kansasii. [18] With multidrug therapy used as the standard treatment of Hansen's disease, rifampicin is always used in combination with dapsone and clofazimine to avoid causing drug resistance. [citation needed]
In 2018, one quarter of the world's population was thought to have a latent infection of TB. [6] New infections occur in about 1% of the population each year. [11] In 2022, an estimated 10.6 million people developed active TB, resulting in 1.3 million deaths, making it the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease after COVID-19. [1]
While benefits include being able to take less pills, it is unclear if this version changes peoples adherence to treatment. [2] Other studies, however, have found fixed-dose combinations to be useful for this purpose. [2]
Combination therapy or polytherapy is therapy that uses more than one medication or modality. Typically, the term refers to using multiple therapies to treat a single disease, and often all the therapies are pharmaceutical (although it can also involve non-medical therapy, such as the combination of medications and talk therapy to treat depression).
Isoniazid can be used alone or in combination with Rifampin for treatment of latent tuberculosis, or as part of a four-drug regimen for treatment of active tuberculosis. [27] The drug regimen typically requires daily or weekly oral administration for a period of three to nine months, often under Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) supervision. [27]
In vitro and in vivo activity against both nonresistant and MDR strains of TB. [51] [52] [53] Whipple's disease: No: No: No: Co-trimoxazole is the recommended standard treatment for whipple's disease in some treatment protocols. [54] [55] [56] Fungal and protozoal infections: Isosporiasis: No: No: No: Clinical trials have confirmed its use in ...