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Liver regeneration is the process by which the liver is able to replace damaged or lost liver tissue. The liver is the only visceral organ with the capacity to regenerate. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The liver can regenerate after partial hepatectomy or injury due to hepatotoxic agents such as certain medications, toxins, or chemicals. [ 3 ]
Some tissues such as skin, the vas deferens, and large organs including the liver can regrow quite readily, while others have been thought to have little or no capacity for regeneration following an injury. Numerous tissues and organs have been induced to regenerate. Bladders have been 3D-printed in the lab since 1999.
Spontaneous regeneration occurs in the human body naturally. The most recognised example of this is the regeneration of the liver, [16] which can regenerate up to two thirds of its mass when injured by surgical removal, ischaemia or after exposure to harmful toxins. [16] (Figure 2) Figure 2: Mechanism of liver regeneration in adult humans
Prior to surgery, cytotoxic agents such as oxaliplatin given systemically for colorectal metastasis, or chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma can significantly decrease the size of the tumor bulk, allowing then for resections which would remove a segment or wedge portion of the liver only. These procedures can also be aided by ...
The family of 70-year-old William Bryan claims surgeon Thomas Shaknovsky removed his liver and not his spleen during a procedure he did not survive.
The liver is the only human internal organ capable of natural regeneration of lost tissue; as little as 25% of a liver can regenerate into a whole liver. [75] This is, however, not true regeneration but rather compensatory growth in mammals. [ 76 ]
Cancer treatments are a wide range of treatments available for the many different types of cancer, with each cancer type needing its own specific treatment. [1] Treatments can include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy including small-molecule drugs or monoclonal antibodies, [2] and PARP inhibitors such as olaparib. [3]
The artificial liver is designed to serve as a supportive device, either allowing the liver to regenerate upon failure, or to bridge the patient's liver functions until transplant is available. [28] It is only made possible by the fact that it uses real liver cells (hepatocytes), and even then, it is not a permanent substitute.