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However modern individualism has been a threat to the family collective unit, and those living in modern joint families find themselves feeling confined or captive under the watch of too many family members. In a traditional joint Hindu family, there is a subservient relationship between the wives of the brothers: the patriarch's wife is ...
In 1955, the Hindu Marriage Act was drafted, which prohibited marriage of a Hindu whose spouse was still living. Thus polygamy became illegal in India in 1956, uniformly for all of its citizens except for Muslims, who are permitted to have four wives and for Hindus in Goa and along the western coast where bigamy is legal.
Fraternal polyandry is a way for Tibetans to avoid having to build multiple houses every time a male in the family marries. One wife married to many brothers allows for less resources to be used on one brother and his one wife. Polyandry is also a way for Tibetans to not have to marry non-Tibetans whilst they are settled in India. [34]
The joint-family provides nursing care for the sick and afflicted, social security for the unemployed, and support for the aged” [3] “They share the various routines, problems, and joys of social living, have strong feelings of mutual obligation during crises, and regard self-interest as being identical with family welfare.
They argued that practices such as divorce were absolutely not condoned by Hinduism. "To a Hindu the marriage is sacramental and as such indissoluble." [29] They also felt that should equal property rights be given to women, the Mitākṣarā concept of a joint family would crumble, as would the foundation of Hindu society. They also insisted ...
With the expanding social reform and female emancipation that accompanied economic and literacy growth after independence, many commentators predicted the gradual demise of arranged marriages in India, and the inexorable rise of so-called "love marriages" (i.e. where the initial contact with potential spouses does not involve the parents or family members). [2]
The Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act of 1856, [9] provided legal safeguards against loss of certain forms of inheritance for remarrying a Hindu widow, [8] though, under the Act, the widow forsook any inheritance due her from her deceased husband. [10] Especially targeted in the act were child widows whose husbands had died before consummation of ...
The Adoptions and Maintenance Act of 1956 dealt specifically with the legal process of adopting children by a Hindu adult, and with the legal obligations of a Hindu to provide "maintenance" to various family members including their wife or parents, and in-laws.