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A normal shader (left) and an NPR shader using cel-shading (right). Non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) is an area of computer graphics that focuses on enabling a wide variety of expressive styles for digital art, in contrast to traditional computer graphics, which focuses on photorealism.
Cel-shaded rendering of two isosurfaces of the probability density of a particle in a box. The cel-shading process starts with a typical 3D model.Where cel-shading differs from conventional rendering is in its non-photorealistic shading algorithm.
UV mapping is the 3D modeling process of projecting a 3D model's surface to a 2D image for texture mapping. The letters "U" and "V" denote the axes of the 2D texture because "X", "Y", and "Z" are already used to denote the axes of the 3D object in model space, while "W" (in addition to XYZ) is used in calculating quaternion rotations, a common ...
Solid texturing is a process where the texture generating function is evaluated over at each visible surface point of the model so the resulting material properties (like color, shininess or normal) depends only on their 3D position, not their parametrized 2D surface position like in traditional 2D texture mapping.
An image rendered using POV-Ray 3.6 An architectural visualization rendered in multiple styles using Blender. Rendering is the process of generating a photorealistic or non-photorealistic image from input data such as 3D models.
The illumination models listed here attempt to model the perceived brightness of a surface or a component of the brightness in a way that looks realistic. Some take physical aspects into consideration, like for example the Fresnel equations, microfacets, the rendering equation and subsurface scattering.
GLSL shaders themselves are simply a set of strings that are passed to the hardware vendor's driver for compilation from within an application using the OpenGL API's entry points. Shaders can be created on the fly from within an application, or read-in as text files, but must be sent to the driver in the form of a string.
Modern 3D computer graphics rely heavily on a simplified reflection model called the Phong reflection model (not to be confused with Phong shading). In the refraction of light, an important concept is the refractive index ; in most 3D programming implementations, the term for this value is "index of refraction" (usually shortened to IOR).