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The pre-World War II Jewish population of Europe is estimated to have been close to 9 million, [5] or 57% of the world's Jewish population. [6] Around 6 million Jews were killed in the Holocaust, which was followed by the emigration of much of the surviving population. [7] [8] [9]
Joseph Jacobs estimated that during the five centuries from 1000 to 1500, 380,000 Jews were killed during the persecutions, reducing the total number in the world to about 1,000,000. In the 16th and 17th centuries the main centers of Jewish population were in Poland and the Mediterranean countries, Spain excepted. [10]
In 1939, at the start of World War II, Poland was partitioned between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union (see Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact). One-fifth of the Polish population perished during World War II; the 3,000,000 Polish Jews murdered in the Holocaust, who constituted 90% of Polish Jewry, made up half of all Poles killed during the war.
Servicemen of the 20th Air Force stationed in Guam during World War II participate in a Rosh Hashanah service. Approximately 1.5 million Jews served in the regular Allied militaries during World War II. [10] Approximately 550,000 American Jews served in the various branches of the United States Armed Forces.
Between 350,000 [1] and 400,000 [2] Jews left Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia before the start of World War II. Of the 235,000 Jewish immigrants to Palestine from 1932 to 1939, [3] approximately 60,000 were German Jews. [4] During World War II, millions of Jews were forced to evacuate areas occupied by the German army and its allies, and ...
Prior to World War II, the global Jewish population reached a peak of 16.7 million, [35] representing around 0.7% of the world's population at that time. During World War II, approximately six million Jews throughout Europe were systematically murdered by Nazi Germany in a genocide known as the Holocaust.
Overall, of the 522,000 Jews living in Germany in January 1933, approximately 304,000 emigrated during the first six years of Nazi rule and about 214,000 were left on the eve of World War II. Of these, 160,000–180,000 were killed as a part of the Holocaust. Those that remained in Germany went into hiding and did everything they could to survive.
The Holocaust (/ ˈ h ɒ l ə k ɔː s t / ⓘ), [1] known in Hebrew as the Shoah (שואה), was the genocide of European Jews during World War II.Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe, around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population.