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The Mali Empire in 1337, including the location of the Bambuk, Bure, Lobi and Akan Goldfields [67] [68] The Mali Empire covered a larger area for a longer period of time than any other West African state before or since. What made this possible was the decentralised nature of administration throughout the state.
A map of Mali Bamako, the capital and Mali's largest city, 2008 Sikasso, Mali's second largest city, 2008 Ségou, Mali's fifth largest city, 2008. This list of cities in Mali tabulates all the largest communes in the country of Mali (including those in the north-eastern portion where the Mali Government no longer exercises de facto control).
The Malian city Timbuktu is exemplary of this: situated on the southern fringe of the Sahara and close to the Niger River, it has played an important role in the trans-Saharan trade from the 13th century on, with the establishment of the Mali Empire. Had no power in the West Africa After this the Songhai empire started growing.
A kingdom is a state with a king or queen as its head. [1] An empire is a political unit made up of several territories, military outposts, and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant centre and subordinate peripheries". [2] In Africa states emerged in a process covering many generations and centuries.
Consequently, the name of Mali and Timbuktu appeared on 14th century world maps. Sankore Mosque. While on the hajj, he met the Andalusian poet and architect es-Saheli. Mansa Musa brought the architect back to Mali to beautify some of the cities. But more reasoned analysis suggests that his role, if any, was quite limited.
The city's golden age as a major learning and cultural centre of the Mali Empire was followed by a long period of decline. Different tribes governed until the French took over Mali in 1893 , in a regime that lasted until the country became the Republic of Mali in 1960.
The Mali Empire later formed on the upper Niger River, and reached the height of power in the 14th century. [40] Under the Mali Empire, the ancient cities of Djenné and Timbuktu were centers of both trade and Islamic learning. [40] The empire later declined as a result of internal intrigue, ultimately being supplanted by the Songhai Empire. [40]
During the 200 year period between 1301 and 1500 (the 14th and 15th century) the main civilizations and kingdoms in Africa were the Mali Empire, Kingdom of Kongo, Ife Empire, Benin Kingdom, Songhai Empire, Hausa City-states, Wolof Empire, Great Zimbabwe, Kingdom of Makuria, Kanem Empire,Ethiopian Empire, Kilwa Sultanate, Kingdom of Mapungubwe, Kingdom of Mutapa, and the Ajuran Sultanate.