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1 Method of sampling of clay building bricks IS 5454 - 1978 2 Method of test for burnt-clay building bricks. IS 3495 (Parts I TO iv) 1976 3 Common burnt clay building bricks. IS 1077 - 1992 (D) Masonry Mortar; 1 Specification for sand for masonry mortars. IS 2116 - 1980 2 Code of practice for preparation and use of masonry mortar IS 2250 - 1981
A shaft equipped with ladder rungs for personnel access. In civil engineering a shaft is an underground vertical or inclined passageway. Shafts are often entered through a manhole and closed by a manhole cover. They are constructed for a number of reasons including: For the construction of a tunnel
Fire behaviour of building materials and building components – Part 10: pipe encasements, pipe bushings, service shafts and ducts, and barriers across inspection openings; terminology, requirements and testing: Active: DIN 4102-12
A building code (also building control or building regulations) is a set of rules that specify the standards for construction objects such as buildings and non-building structures. Buildings must conform to the code to obtain planning permission , usually from a local council.
The core of a building is often placed in the center of a building, but it can also be placed on a side of a building, and there can be several cores in a building. Cores on a side of a building are known as perimeter cores, are completely inside the building and can allow for more uninterrupted, column-free floor space within a building.
Shaft mining or shaft sinking is the action of excavating a mine shaft from the top down, where there is initially no access to the bottom. [1] Shallow shafts , typically sunk for civil engineering projects, differ greatly in execution method from deep shafts, typically sunk for mining projects.
Mechanical floors are generally counted in the building's floor numbering (this is required by some building codes) but are accessed only by service elevators. Some zoning regulations exclude mechanical floors from a building's maximum area calculation, permitting a significant increase in building sizes; this is the case in New York City. [1]
A manhole (utility hole, maintenance hole, [1] or sewer hole) is an opening to a confined space such as a shaft, utility vault, or large vessel. Manholes, typically protected by a manhole cover , are often used as an access point for an underground public utility , allowing inspection, maintenance, and system upgrades.