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Bone healing, or fracture healing, is a proliferative physiological process in which the body facilitates the repair of a bone fracture. Generally, bone fracture treatment consists of a doctor reducing (pushing) displaced bones back into place via relocation with or without anaesthetic, stabilizing their position to aid union, and then waiting ...
Stress fractures most frequently occur in weight-bearing bones of the lower extremities, such as the tibia and fibula (bones of the lower leg), calcaneus (heel bone), metatarsal and navicular bones (bones of the foot). Less common are stress fractures to the femur, pelvis, sacrum, lumbar spine (lower back), hips, hands, and writs. Stress ...
Most fractures heal in between 6 and 12 weeks. However, in complicated fractures and where there are problems with the healing of the fracture this may take longer. It is known that bearing weight through fracture by walking on it, for example, with the added support of the external fixator frame actually helps fractures to heal. [citation needed]
Runner's fracture: Running: stress fracture of distal fibula 3–8 cm above the lateral malleolus: repeated axial stress on fibula: Google books result Marko Pećina, Ivan Bojanić. Overuse injuries of the Musculoskeletal System, page 331. Informa Health Care, 2004. ISBN 978-0-8493-1428-5. Salter–Harris fracture: R.B. Salter, W.R. Harris [5]
This initial "woven" bone does not have the strong mechanical properties of mature bone. By a process of remodelling, the woven bone is replaced by mature "lamellar" bone. The whole process may take up to 18 months, but in adults, the strength of the healing bone is usually 80% of normal by 3 months after the injury. [citation needed]
Of the three types of occult fractures mentioned above, the latter two, fatigue fracture secondary to repetitive and unusual stress being applied to bone with normal elastic resistance, and insufficiency fracture resulting from normal or minimal stress on a bone with decreased elastic resistance are also described as "stress fractures". [1]
March fracture is the fracture of the distal third of one of the metatarsal bones occurring because of recurrent stress. It is more common in soldiers, but also occurs in hikers, organists, and other people whose duties entail much standing (such as hospital doctors).
In fracture mechanics, the stress intensity factor (K) is used to predict the stress state ("stress intensity") near the tip of a crack or notch caused by a remote load or residual stresses. [1] It is a theoretical construct usually applied to a homogeneous, linear elastic material and is useful for providing a failure criterion for brittle ...