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An initial public offering (IPO) or stock launch is a public offering in which shares of a company are sold to institutional investors [1] and usually also to retail (individual) investors. [2] An IPO is typically underwritten by one or more investment banks , who also arrange for the shares to be listed on one or more stock exchanges .
The 2008 financial crisis, also known as the global financial crisis, was a major worldwide economic crisis, centered in the United States, which triggered the Great Recession of late 2007 to mid-2009, the most severe downturn since the Wall Street crash of 1929 and Great Depression.
On October 11, 2008, the head of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) warned that the world financial system was teetering on the "brink of systemic meltdown". [17] The economic crisis caused countries to close their markets temporarily. On October 8, the Indonesian stock market halted trading, after a 10% drop in one day.
Sunday marks the five-year anniversary of when the stock market bottomed out after the financial crisis. The S&P 500 has nearly tripled since March 9, 2009, and the Dow has moved from 6,547 back ...
If the IPOs go well, he said, it could create a "virtuous cycle" that attracts other companies still waiting on the sidelines. ... But the US economy, he said, "has been a lot more resilient over ...
IPOs are not the only way new securities are issued. Publicly traded companies can issue new shares in what is called a primary issue of debt or stock, which involves the issue by a corporation of its own debt or new stock directly to buyers like pension funds, or to private investors and shareholders. [4] [5]
These hot IPO markets misallocate investment funds to areas dictated by speculative trends, rather than to enterprises generating longstanding economic value. Typically when there is an over abundance of IPOs in a bubble market, a large portion of the IPO companies fail completely, never achieve what is promised to the investors, or can even be ...
In the United States, the Great Recession was a severe financial crisis combined with a deep recession. While the recession officially lasted from December 2007 to June 2009, it took many years for the economy to recover to pre-crisis levels of employment and output.