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A baby being breastfed Video summary of article with script. Breastfeeding, also known as nursing, is the process where breast milk is fed to a child. [1] [2] Infants may suck the milk directly from the breast, or milk may be extracted with a pump and then fed to the infant.
Establishment of breastfeeding refers to the initiation of providing breast milk of mother to baby. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), [ 2 ] breastfeeding is the best way to provide nourishment, including essential nutrients , energy and antibodies , to infants and toddlers .
Breastfeeding decreases the risk of respiratory tract infections and diarrhea, both in developing and developed countries. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Other benefits include lower risks of asthma , food allergies , and type 1 diabetes .
Breastfeeding, prehistorically, was the only way infants were nourished; there was no acceptable substitute for human milk for a long time. In 1 AD, philosophers were discovering the importance of breast milk versus any substitute. It was concluded that breastfeeding helped the mother and infant establish an emotional connection. [3]
High levels of prolactin during pregnancy and breastfeeding also increase insulin resistance, increase growth factor levels (IGF-1) and modify lipid metabolism in preparation for breastfeeding. During lactation, prolactin is the main factor maintaining tight junctions of the ductal epithelium and regulating milk production through osmotic balance.
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Two early 20th century Korean women breastfeeding their babies while working The history and culture of breastfeeding traces the changing social, medical and legal attitudes to breastfeeding, the act of feeding a child breast milk directly from breast to mouth. Breastfeeding may be performed by the infant's mother or by a surrogate, typically called a wet nurse. Ilkhanate prince Ghazan being ...
Breastfeeding and medications is the description of the medications that can be used by a breastfeeding mother, and the balance between maternal health and the safety of the breastfeeding infant. [1] [2] Medications, when administered to breastfeeding mothers, almost always are transferred to breast milk, albeit usually in small quantities. [3]