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The Wynder and Graham 1950 study was able to conclude that "smoking was an important factor in the production of bronchogenic carcinoma," but smoking wasn't established as a causal factor until four years later, when Wynder published another paper entitled, "Tobacco as a Cause of Lung Cancer" [8] The same year Wynder and Graham published their ...
The potential effects of smoking, such as lung cancer, can take up to 20 years to manifest themselves. Historically, women began smoking en masse later than men, so an increased death rate caused by smoking amongst women did not appear until later. The male lung cancer death rate decreased in 1975—roughly 20 years after the initial decline in ...
According to the Nurses' Health Study, the risk of pulmonary adenocarcinoma increases substantially after a long duration of tobacco smoking: smokers with a previous smoking duration of 30–40 years are more than twice as likely to develop lung adenocarcinoma compared to never-smokers (relative risk of approximately 2.4); a duration of more ...
The update also expands the organization's recommended age range for lung cancer screening to 50 to 80 years, from the previous range of 55 to 74 years, and decreases the number of required pack ...
Lung cancer survival has not improved much in the last 50 years, according to Cancer Research UK, with less than one in 10 (9.5 per cent) of people diagnosed with the disease surviving for 10 ...
Squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung is closely correlated with a history of tobacco smoking, more so than most other types of lung cancer.According to the Nurses' Health Study, the relative risk of SCC is approximately 5.5, both among those with a previous duration of smoking of 1 to 20 years, and those with 20 to 30 years, compared to never-smokers. [2]
People who have smoked cigarettes account for 85–90% of lung cancer cases, and 15% of smokers develop lung cancer. [97] Non-smokers' risk of developing lung cancer is also influenced by tobacco smoking; secondhand smoke (that is, being around tobacco smoke) increases risk of developing lung cancer around 30%, with risk correlated to duration ...
Richard Doll in 1950 published research in the British Medical Journal showing a close link between smoking and lung cancer. [32] Four years later, in 1954 the British Doctors Study, a study of some 40 thousand doctors over 20 years, confirmed the link, based on which the government issued advice that smoking and lung cancer rates were related.