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The discovery of the principle of the reversibility of the dynamo electric machine (variously attributed to Walenn 1860; Pacinotti 1864; Fontaine, Gramme 1873; Deprez 1881, and others) whereby it may be used as an electric motor or as a generator of electricity has been termed one of the greatest discoveries of the 19th century. [11]
[13] The term "tokamak" was coined in 1957 [14] by Igor Golovin, a student of academician Igor Kurchatov.It originally sounded like "tokamag" ("токамаг") — an acronym of the words "toroidal chamber magnetic" ("тороидальная камера магнитная"), but Natan Yavlinsky, the author of the first toroidal system, proposed replacing "-mag" with "-mak" for euphony. [15]
1888 – Heinrich Hertz demonstrates the existence of electromagnetic waves by building an apparatus that produced and detected UHF radio waves (or microwaves in the UHF region). He also found that radio waves could be transmitted through different types of materials and were reflected by others, the key to radar.
A core of ferromagnetic material like iron serves to increase the magnetic field created. [1] The strength of the magnetic field generated is proportional to the amount of current through the winding. [1] An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current.
Michael Faraday was born on 22 September 1791 in Newington Butts, [8] Surrey, which is now part of the London Borough of Southwark. [9] His family was not well off. His father, James, was a member of the Glasite sect of Christianity.
The 1200-ton motor generator sits on a 4800-short ton (4350 t) inertia block which rests on 60 springs to minimize earth tremors and is the centerpiece of the Pulsed Field Laboratory. The facility's magnets include a 60 Tesla long-pulse magnet (under repair) that is the most powerful controlled-pulse magnet in the world.
A Bitter electromagnet or Bitter solenoid is a type of electromagnet invented in 1933 by American physicist Francis Bitter used in scientific research to create extremely strong magnetic fields. Bitter electromagnets have been used to achieve the strongest continuous manmade magnetic fields on earth―up to 45 teslas , as of 2011 [update] .
History [ edit ] After the discovery in the 1800s of Faraday's law of induction , which showed that an electromotive force could be generated by a changing magnetic field , several scientists speculated that this effect could be used to accelerate charged particles to high energies. [ 2 ]