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The Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority (HKEAA) has moved from norm-referenced to standards-referenced assessment, including the incorporation of a substantial school-based summative oral assessment component(SBA) into the compulsory English language subject in the Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination (HKCEE), a high-stakes examination for all Form 4–5 students (Davison ...
A common approach to standards-based assessment (SBA) is: Identify a key fact or important body of knowledge (e.g. a scientific theory, a mathematical relationship), the essential content and concepts. Example from the British Columbia Grade 3 Curriculum Package (September 2010):
Passive or "diffusive" air sampling depends on meteorological conditions such as wind to diffuse air pollutants to a sorbent medium. Passive samplers, such as diffusion tubes, have the advantage of typically being small, quiet, and easy to deploy, and they are particularly useful in air quality studies that determine key areas for future continuous monitoring.
Soil contamination, soil pollution, or land pollution as a part of land degradation is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. It is typically caused by industrial activity, agricultural chemicals or improper disposal of waste .
It was the first U.S. nuclear field exercise conducted on land; troops shown are 6 mi (9.7 km) from the blast. See also: Nuclear and radiation accidents , List of civilian nuclear accidents , List of military nuclear accidents , and List of civilian radiation accidents
Example of brownfield land after excavation at a disused gasworks site, with soil contamination from removed underground storage tanks. Brownfield is previously-developed land that has been abandoned or underutilized, [9] and which may carry pollution, or a risk of pollution, from industrial use. [10]
Space pollution — Space debris • Interplanetary contamination Resource depletion — Exploitation of natural resources • Overdrafting (groundwater) • Overexploitation Consumerism — Consumer capitalism • Planned obsolescence • Over-consumption
Sources of water pollution are either point sources or non-point sources. [156] Point sources have one identifiable cause, such as a storm drain, a wastewater treatment plant, or an oil spill. Non-point sources are more diffuse. An example is agricultural runoff. [157] Pollution is the result of the cumulative effect over time.