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Arsenic poisoning (or arsenicosis) is a medical condition that occurs due to elevated levels of arsenic in the body. [4] If arsenic poisoning occurs over a brief period of time, symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, encephalopathy, and watery diarrhea that contains blood. [1]
Acute alcohol poisoning is a medical emergency due to the risk of death from respiratory depression or aspiration of vomit if vomiting occurs while the person is unresponsive. Emergency treatment strives to stabilize and maintain an open airway and sufficient breathing while waiting for the alcohol to metabolize.
Methanol toxicity (also methanol poisoning) is poisoning from methanol, characteristically via ingestion. [1] Symptoms may include an altered/decreased level of consciousness, poor or no coordination, vomiting, abdominal pain, and a specific smell on the breath. [1] [2] Decreased vision may start as early as twelve hours after exposure. [2]
The most common domestic animal to be affected is the dog, either through accidental ingestion or intentional poisoning. The onset of symptoms is 10 to 120 minutes after ingestion. [26] Symptoms include seizures, a "sawhorse" stance, and opisthotonus (rigid extension of all four limbs). Death is usually secondary to respiratory paralysis.
Cyanide ions interfere with cellular respiration, resulting in the body's tissues being unable to use oxygen. [2] Diagnosis is often difficult. [2] It may be suspected in a person following a house fire who has a decreased level of consciousness, low blood pressure, or high lactic acid. [2] Blood levels of cyanide can be measured but take time. [2]
Alternatively, people presenting late with signs and symptoms of coma, hyperkalemia, seizures, or severe acidosis have a poor prognosis. [17] People who develop severe central nervous system manifestations or stroke who survive may have long term neurologic dysfunction; in some cases they may recover, although convalescence may be prolonged.
People have been mining and using lead for thousands of years. [4] Descriptions of lead poisoning date to at least 200 BC, [4] while efforts to limit lead's use date back to at least the 16th century. [5] Concerns for low levels of exposure began in the 1970s with there being no safe threshold for lead exposure. [2] [4] [19]
Poisoning is the harmful effect which occurs when toxic substances are introduced into the body. [1] The term "poisoning" is a derivative of poison, a term describing any chemical substance that may harm or kill a living organism upon ingestion. [2] Poisoning can be brought on by swallowing, inhaling, injecting or absorbing toxins through the skin.