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Recently, the procedure of deep brain stimulation (DBS) has proven successful in a number of cases of severe generalised dystonia. [43] DBS as treatment for medication-refractory dystonia, on the other hand, may increase the risk of suicide in patients. However, reference data of patients without DBS therapy are lacking. [44]
Juvenile-onset dystonia is a disorder in which the muscles involuntarily contract, which in turn cause involuntary movements and rather abnormal postures. [1] Symptoms of this disorder vary among the people who have it.
Torsion dystonia, also known as dystonia musculorum deformans, is a disease characterized by painful muscle contractions resulting in uncontrollable distortions. This specific type of dystonia is frequently found in children, with symptoms starting around the ages of 11 or 12.
Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) is an uncommon focal neurological condition affecting the jaws, face, and mouth. [1] Oromandibular dystonia is characterized by involuntary spasms of the tongue, jaw, and mouth muscles that result in bruxism , or grinding of the teeth , and jaw closure.
No data are available on mortality associated with dopamine-responsive dystonia, but patients surviving beyond the fifth decade with treatment have been reported. However, in severe, early autosomal recessive forms of the disease, patients have been known to pass away during childhood. Girls seem to be somewhat more commonly affected.
X-linked dystonia parkinsonism (XDP), also known as lubag syndrome or X-linked dystonia of Panay, is a rare X-linked progressive movement disorder with high penetrance found almost exclusively in males from Panay. [1] It is characterized by dystonic movements first typically occurring in the 3rd and 4th decade of life.
1. TH-deficient dopa-responsive dystonia - the mildest phenotype with onset between 1 and 12 years of age, with its initial symptoms being lower-limb dystonia and/or difficulty in walking. Symptoms may gradually worsen over the day and become less pronounced after a period of rest. 2.
Dystonia and choreoathetosis mostly occur concurrently in DCP, [5] but they are two independent motor disorders with their own characteristics. Dystonia predominates in most patients. Dystonia (DYS) is defined by twisting and repetitive movements, abnormal postures due to sustained muscle contractions, and hypertonia. Dystonia is aggravated by ...