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Root-knot nematodes, [91] [92] beet leaf hoppers, cucumber beetle, [28] squash bug, [28] onion fly, [15] cabbage root fly [15] Marigolds are a wonder-drug of the companion plant world, invoking the saying "plant them everywhere in your garden".
A geophyte (earth+plant) is a plant with an underground storage organ including true bulbs, corms, tubers, tuberous roots, enlarged hypocotyls, and rhizomes. Most plants with underground stems are geophytes but not all plants that are geophytes have underground stems. Geophytes are often physiologically active even when they lack leaves.
This is followed by continuous cell proliferation, resulting in the formation of the root nodule. [17] A second mechanism, used especially by rhizobia that infect aquatic hosts, is called crack entry. In this case, no root hair deformation is observed. Instead, the bacteria penetrate between cells through cracks produced by lateral root ...
The bacteria colonize plant cells to form root nodules, where they convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia using the enzyme nitrogenase. The ammonia is shared with the host plant in the form of organic nitrogenous compounds such as glutamine or ureides. [3] The plant, in turn, provides the bacteria with organic compounds made by photosynthesis.
Aerenchyma in stem cross section of a typical wetland plant. Aerenchyma or aeriferous parenchyma [1] or lacunae, is a modification of the parenchyma to form a spongy tissue that creates spaces or air channels in the leaves, stems and roots of some plants, which allows exchange of gases between the shoot and the root. [2]
In plants, their accumulation can increase survival during stresses such as drought. In extreme cases, such as in bdelloid rotifers , tardigrades , brine shrimp , and nematodes , these molecules can allow cells to survive being completely dried out and let them enter a state of suspended animation called cryptobiosis .
Alliaria petiolata, or garlic mustard, is a biennial flowering plant in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). It is native to Europe, western and central Asia, north-western Africa, Morocco , Iberia and the British Isles , north to northern Scandinavia , [ 2 ] and east to northern Pakistan and Xinjiang in western China.
There is a discus. The plant flowers abundantly twice a year, in autumn to winter and in spring (though it may also have some flowers sporadically throughout the year). [5] The fruit is ribbed, angular, pointed, almost bare, multi-seeded capsules with a persistent calyx, up to 40 centimeters long and up to 3.5 centimeters wide. The seeds are ...