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  2. List of countries by federal system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by...

    Germany and the European Union present the only examples of federalism in the world where members of the federal "upper houses" (the German Bundesrat, i.e. the Federal Council; and the European Council) are neither elected nor appointed but comprise members or delegates of the governments of their constituents. The United States had a similar ...

  3. Federalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalism

    Federalism may encompass as few as two or three internal divisions, as is the case in Belgium or Bosnia and Herzegovina. In Canada, federalism typically implies opposition to sovereignty movements—most commonly the question of Quebec separatism. [20]

  4. Federalism in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United...

    Dual federalism had a significant impact on social issues in the United States. Dred Scott v. Sanford was an example of how Taney's dual federalism helped stir up tensions eventually leading to the outbreak of the Civil War. Another example of dual federalism's social impact was in the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling. Dual federalism had set up that ...

  5. Federation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation

    The governmental or constitutional structure found in a federation is considered to be federalist, or to be an example of federalism. It can be considered in comparison with the unitary state . France and Japan , for example, have been unitary for many centuries.

  6. New Federalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Federalism

    New Federalism is a political philosophy of devolution, or the transfer of certain powers from the United States federal government back to the states.The primary objective of New Federalism, unlike that of the eighteenth-century political philosophy of Federalism, is the restoration of some of the autonomy and power, which individual states had lost to the federal government as a result of ...

  7. Dual federalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_federalism

    Dual federalism, also known as layer-cake federalism or divided sovereignty, is a political arrangement in which power is divided between the federal and state governments in clearly defined terms, with state governments exercising those powers accorded to them without interference from the federal government.

  8. Federal republic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_republic

    Adams (Gerry) Adams (John) Atatürk; Azaña; Bartley; Benn; Bennett; Bolívar; Chapman; Clark (Katy) Clarke (Tom) Connolly; Cromwell; Davidson; Drakeford; Etherington ...

  9. Laboratories of democracy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratories_of_democracy

    Louis Brandeis praised federalism as allowing states to experiment and make the best laws.. Laboratories of democracy is a phrase popularized by U.S. Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis in New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann to describe how "a single courageous State may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and try novel social and economic experiments without risk to the rest of the ...