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  2. Cervical cerclage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cerclage

    Usually the treatment is done in the first or second trimester of pregnancy, for a woman who has had one or more late miscarriages in the past. [2] The word "cerclage" means encircling, hooping or banding in French. [3] The success rate for cervical cerclage is approximately 80–90% for elective cerclages, and 40–60% for emergency cerclages.

  3. Foreign body reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_body_reaction

    In the long term, the foreign body reaction results in encapsulation of the foreign body within a calcified shell. For example, a lithopedion is a rare phenomenon which occurs most commonly when a fetus dies during an abdominal pregnancy , [ 5 ] is too large to be reabsorbed by the body, and calcifies.

  4. Granuloma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granuloma

    Granulomatous reaction to nylon suture material. A foreign-body granuloma occurs when a foreign body (such as a wood splinter, piece of metal, glass etc.) penetrates the body's soft tissue followed by acute inflammation and formation of a granuloma. [18] In some cases the foreign body can be found and removed even years after the precipitating ...

  5. Foreign-body giant cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign-body_giant_cell

    Foreign body giant cells are involved in the foreign body reaction, phagocytosis, and subsequent degradation of biomaterials which may lead to failure of the implanted material. [4] When produced, the FBGC's place themselves along the surface of the implantation, and will remain there for as long as the foreign material remains in the body. [1]

  6. Postoperative wounds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postoperative_wounds

    The body responds to postoperative wounds in the same manner as it does to tissue damage acquired in other circumstances. The inflammatory response is designed to create homeostasis. This first step is called the inflammatory stage. [1] The next stage and wound healing is the infiltration of leukocytes and release of cytokines into the tissue ...

  7. Perineal tear - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perineal_tear

    Tears vary widely in severity. The majority are superficial and may require no treatment, but severe tears can cause significant bleeding, long-term pain or dysfunction. A perineal tear is distinct from an episiotomy, in which the perineum is intentionally incised to facilitate delivery. Episiotomy, a very rapid birth, or large fetal size can ...

  8. Scar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scar

    Scarring caused by acne (left), and photo one day after scar revision surgery: The area around sutures is still swollen from surgery. Scar revision is a process of cutting the scar tissue out. After the excision, the new wound is usually closed up to heal by primary intention, instead of secondary intention. Deeper cuts need a multilayered ...

  9. Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruritic_urticarial...

    The face is usually not affected. [7] Skin distension (stretching) is thought to be a possible trigger for PUPPP as it most commonly affects primigravida (women in their first pregnancy), those with large fundal measurements (distance from the pubic bone to the top of the uterus) and/or those who are carrying large babies or multiples.