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2. Heart sounds - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_sounds

   These are the first heart sound (S 1) and second heart sound (S 2), produced by the closing of the atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves, respectively. In addition to these normal sounds, a variety of other sounds may be present including heart murmurs , adventitious sounds , and gallop rhythms S 3 and S 4 .

3. Gallop rhythm - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallop_rhythm

   A gallop rhythm refers to a (usually abnormal) rhythm of the heart on auscultation. [1] It includes three or four sounds, thus resembling the sounds of a gallop.. The normal heart rhythm contains two audible heart sounds called S 1 and S 2 that give the well-known "lub-dub" rhythm; they are caused by the closing of valves in the heart.

4. Bigeminy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bigeminy

   Bigeminy is a cardiac arrhythmia in which there is a single ectopic beat, or irregular heartbeat, following each regular heartbeat. Most often this is due to ectopic beats occurring so frequently that there is one after each sinus beat, or normal heartbeat. The two beats are figuratively similar to two twins (hence bi-+ gemini).

5. Fourth heart sound - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_heart_sound

   The fourth heart sound or S 4 is an extra heart sound that occurs during late diastole, immediately before the normal two "lub-dub" heart sounds (S 1 and S 2).It occurs just after atrial contraction and immediately before the systolic S 1 and is caused by the atria contracting forcefully in an effort to overcome an abnormally stiff or hypertrophic ventricle.

6. Premature heart beat - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premature_heart_beat

   A premature heart beat or extrasystole [1] is a heart rhythm disorder corresponding to a premature contraction of one of the chambers of the heart. Premature heart beats come in two different types: premature atrial contractions and premature ventricular contractions .

7. Third heart sound - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_heart_sound

   The sound of S 3 is lower in pitch than the normal sounds, usually faint, and best heard with the bell of the stethoscope. [citation needed] It has also been termed a ventricular gallop or a protodiastolic gallop because of its place in early diastole. It is a type of gallop rhythm by virtue of having an extra sound; the other gallop rhythm is ...

8. Arrhythmia - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrhythmia

   Those with an irregular heartbeat are often treated with blood thinners to reduce the risk of complications. [6] Those who have severe symptoms from an arrhythmia or are medically unstable may receive urgent treatment with a controlled electric shock in the form of cardioversion or defibrillation. [6] Arrhythmia affects millions of people. [4]

9. Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiology_diagnostic...

   Auscultation employs a stethoscope to more easily hear various normal and abnormal sounds, such as normal heart beat sounds and the usual heart beat sound changes associated with breathing versus heart murmurs.