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Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It is essential for sodium conservation in the kidney, salivary glands, sweat glands, and colon. [ 6 ]
The outermost layer, the zona glomerulosa is the main site for the production of aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid. The synthesis and secretion of aldosterone are mainly regulated by the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. The zona glomerulosa cells express a specific enzyme aldosterone synthase (also known as CYP11B2).
The opposite mechanism is called transrepression. The hormone receptor without ligand binding interacts with heat shock proteins and prevents the transcription of targeted genes. Aldosterone and cortisol (a glucosteroid ) have similar affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor; however, glucocorticoids circulate at roughly 100 times the level ...
Transport of cholesterol from the outer to the inner membrane is facilitated by steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and is the rate-limiting step of steroid synthesis. [ 29 ] The layers of the adrenal gland differ by function, with each layer having distinct enzymes that produce different hormones from a common precursor. [ 4 ]
The mineralocorticoid receptor (or MR, MLR, MCR), also known as the aldosterone receptor or nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2, (NR3C2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR3C2 gene that is located on chromosome 4q31.1-31.2. [5] MR is a receptor with equal affinity for mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids.
59272 70008 Ensembl ENSG00000130234 ENSMUSG00000015405 UniProt Q9BYF1 Q8R0I0 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_021804 NM_001371415 NM_001130513 NM_027286 RefSeq (protein) NP_068576 NP_001358344 NP_001123985 NP_081562 Location (UCSC) Chr X: 15.56 – 15.6 Mb Chr X: 162.92 – 162.97 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an enzyme that can be found ...
1585 110115 Ensembl ENSG00000179142 ENSMUSG00000075604 UniProt P19099 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000498 NM_001033229 RefSeq (protein) NP_000489 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 8: 142.91 – 142.92 Mb Chr 15: 74.71 – 74.71 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Aldosterone synthase, also called steroid 18-hydroxylase, corticosterone 18-monooxygenase or P450C18, is a steroid hydroxylase ...
Membrane mineralocorticoid receptors (mMRs) or membrane aldosterone receptors are a group of receptors which bind and are activated by mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Unlike the classical nuclear mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), which mediates its effects via genomic mechanisms, mMRs are cell surface receptors which rapidly ...