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The work of influential researchers such as Michael Posner, Joaquin Fuster, Tim Shallice, and their colleagues in the 1980s (and later Trevor Robbins, Bob Knight, Don Stuss, and others) laid much of the groundwork for recent research into executive functions. For example, Posner proposed that there is a separate "executive" branch of the ...
The patients are then taught to monitor their executive functions and begin to evaluate them. The second stage, Goal Setting and Planning, consists of patients making specific goals, as well as devising a plan to accomplish them. For example, patients may decide they will have lunch with a friend (their goal).
Executive functioning is a theoretical construct representing a domain of cognitive processes that regulate, control, and manage other cognitive processes. Executive functioning is not a unitary concept; it is a broad description of the set of processes involved in certain areas of cognitive and behavioural control. [1]
Chronic disruption to the brain processes that control our thoughts, memory, and emotions.
Andrews concludes that it is "the most thought-provoking book on organization and management ever written by a practicing executive." [2]: xxi He contrasts Functions of the Executive with the "classical" approaches to organizations found in books such as Principles of Management by Harold Koontz and Cyril J. O'Donnell. [2]: xiv, xxii
This assessment was normed with a representative sample. [1] The D-KEFS has been criticized because only 17% of the reliability values published in the D-KEFS manual are above a 0.80 value. [clarification needed] [2] However, this may not pose serious concern due to the challenges of measuring executive functions. [1]
Task switching, or set-shifting, is an executive function that involves the ability to unconsciously shift attention between one task and another. In contrast, cognitive shifting is a very similar executive function, but it involves conscious (not unconscious) change in attention.
DOGE, in contrast, is a Musk creation, put into motion by an executive order. There has been no act of Congress, no legal foundation and certainly no judicial precedent supporting its existence.