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Historically, masculine attributes such as beard growth have been seen as signs of virility and leadership (for example, in ancient Egypt and Greece). [1]Virility (from the Latin virilitas, manhood or virility, derived from Latin vir, man) refers to any of a wide range of masculine characteristics viewed positively.
To examine how the Big Five personality traits are related to subjective health outcomes (positive and negative mood, physical symptoms, and general health concern) and objective health conditions (chronic illness, serious illness, and physical injuries), Jasna Hudek-Knezevic and Igor Kardum conducted a study from a sample of 822 healthy ...
"Due to social inequalities in Australian high schools, Sociologist Connell introduced the Hegemonic masculinity idea, that takes a look at male roles and their characteristics." [7] These beginnings were organized into an article [8] which critiqued the "male sex role" literature and proposed a model of multiple masculinities and power ...
A study on the association of alpha males and females during the non-breeding season in wild Capuchin monkeys examined whether alpha males are the preferred mate for females and, secondly, whether female-alpha status and relationship to the alpha-male can be explained through the individual characteristics and or social network of the female. [4]
Studies of male sexual coercion and female resistance in nonhuman primates (for example, chimpanzees [88] [89]) suggest that sexual conflicts of interest underlying the patriarchy precede the emergence of the human species. [90] However, the extent of male power over females varies greatly across different primate species. [90]
For example, in one study, when asked to envision a leader, German women imagined a male executive, while Australian and Indian women imagined both men and women. [130] The nation in which leadership takes place may also affect men’s and women’s leadership behaviors, although the effect of nationality has been stronger than the effect of ...
In recent years, the research about leader traits has made some progress in identifying a list of personality traits that are highly predictive of leader effectiveness. Additionally, to account for the arguments for situational leadership, researchers have used the round-robin design methodology to test whether certain individuals emerge as ...
Men engage in positive health practices, such as reducing fat intake and alcohol, to conform to masculine ideals. [112] [clarification needed] Men, boys and people who were assigned male at birth face gender policing from people who think they are not masculine enough. Gender policing can increase the risk of alcoholism, anxiety, and depression.