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The transuranium (or transuranic) elements are the chemical elements with atomic number greater than 92, which is the atomic number of uranium.All of them are radioactively unstable and decay into other elements.
A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons. Uranium radioactively decays , usually by emitting an alpha particle . The half-life of this decay varies between 159,200 and 4.5 billion years for different isotopes , making them useful for dating the age of the Earth .
Nuclear binding energy, the energy required to split a nucleus of an atom. Nuclear potential energy , the potential energy of the particles inside an atomic nucleus. Nuclear reaction , a process in which nuclei or nuclear particles interact, resulting in products different from the initial ones; see also nuclear fission and nuclear fusion .
The components of an atom and of a nucleus have varying densities. The proton is not a fundamental particle, being composed of quark–gluon matter. Its size is approximately 10 −15 meters and its density 10 18 kg/m 3. The descriptive term nuclear density is also applied to situations where similarly high densities occur, such as within ...
Homonuclear triatomic molecules contain three of the same kind of atom. That molecule will be an allotrope of that element. Ozone, O 3 is an example of a triatomic molecule with all atoms the same. Triatomic hydrogen, H 3, is unstable and breaks up spontaneously. H 3 +, the trihydrogen cation is stable by itself and is symmetric.
String theory predicts 1- to 10-branes (a 1-brane being a string and a 10-brane being a 10-dimensional object) that prevent tears in the "fabric" of space using the uncertainty principle (e.g., the electron orbiting a hydrogen atom has the probability, albeit small, that it could be anywhere else in the universe at any given moment).
The nuclear shell model is partly analogous to the atomic shell model, which describes the arrangement of electrons in an atom, in that a filled shell results in better stability. When adding nucleons ( protons and neutrons ) to a nucleus, there are certain points where the binding energy of the next nucleon is significantly less than the last one.
A carbon-13 label was used to determine the mechanism in the 1,2- to 1,3-didehydrobenzene conversion of the phenyl substituted aryne precursor 1 to acenaphthylene. [3]An isotopic tracer, (also "isotopic marker" or "isotopic label"), is used in chemistry and biochemistry to help understand chemical reactions and interactions.