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Parenteral nutrition (PN), or intravenous feeding, is the feeding of nutritional products to a person intravenously, [1] bypassing the usual process of eating and digestion. The products are made by pharmaceutical compounding entities or standard pharmaceutical companies.
There are dozens of conditions that may require tube feeding (enteral nutrition) to prevent or treat malnutrition. Conditions that necessitate feeding tubes include prematurity, failure to thrive (or malnutrition), neurologic and neuromuscular disorders, inability to swallow, anatomical and post-surgical malformations of the mouth and esophagus, cancer, Sanfilippo syndrome, and digestive ...
Blood biochemistry should be monitored regularly until it is stable. Although clinical trials are lacking in patients other than those admitted to intensive care, it is commonly recommended that energy intake should remain lower than that normally required for the first 3–5 days of treatment of refeeding syndrome for all patients. [1]: 1.4.8
A 2015 guideline issued by The Standards of Practice Committee of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy recommends using a low-residue diet instead, also accompanied by laxatives, [13] because of evidence that it performs at least as well for bowel cleansing and is associated with better patient satisfaction. [14] [15]
Enteral administration may be divided into three different categories, depending on the entrance point into the GI tract: oral (by mouth), gastric (through the stomach), and rectal (from the rectum). (Gastric introduction involves the use of a tube through the nasal passage ( NG tube ) or a tube in the belly leading directly to the stomach ...
One use is as a last line of opioid treatment for terminal cancer patients with intractable cancer pain. [20] A transdermal patch which delivers medication is applied to the skin. The patch is labelled with the time and date of administration as well as the administrator's initials. A medical professional applies nose drops.
Gastrostomy may be indicated in numerous situations, usually those in which normal (or nasogastric) feeding is impossible.The causes for these situations may be neurological (e.g. stroke), anatomical (e.g. cleft lip and palate during the process of correction) or other (e.g. radiation therapy for tumors in head & neck region).
Enteral nutrition/feeding refers to any method of nutrition through the whole gastrointestinal tract including oral feeding. Parenteral nutrition/feeding refers to nutrition through non-enteral route e.g. intravenous.