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[45] [46] [47] Native American identity was especially targeted by a legal system that only wanted to recognize the racial identity of white and colored people, and as a result, the government began to question the legitimacy of some tribes because some members of them had intermarried with African Americans.
A 2022 study revealed that Native American college students experienced the greatest increase of depression and anxiety between 2013 and 2021 out of all ethnic and racial groups. [131] According to a 2023 study, a strong sense of ethnic identity can reduce the negative emotional impact of historical loss on Native American college students. [132]
Native American students are underrepresented in higher education at the bachelor's, master's and doctoral levels. [61] The recruitment and retention of Native American students at a university level is a major issue. [56] Native American professors are also underrepresented; they make up less than one percent of higher education faculty. [65]
When answering a question about racial background, 3.7 million people identified solely as "American Indian or Alaska Native", while another 5.9 million did so in combination with other races. [231] Aztecs were the largest single Native American group in the 2020 census, while Cherokee was the largest group in combination with any other race. [232]
Native American women were at risk for rape whether they were enslaved or not; during the early colonial years, settlers were disproportionately male. They turned to Native women for sexual relationships. [25] Both Native American and African enslaved women suffered rape and sexual harassment by male slaveholders and other white men.
Martens added that only 84 out of the county’s 5,369 shelter beds are culturally specific to Native people. Belgarde explained that culturally specific shelters are essential because of many ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 28 February 2025. Indigenous peoples of the United States This article may be too long to read and navigate comfortably. Consider splitting content into sub-articles, condensing it, or adding subheadings. Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page. (October 2024) Ethnic group Native Americans ...
Enforcement authority over Native American territory, however, remains under federal EPA jurisdiction, unless a given tribe applies for and is granted Treatment as State (TAS) status. [ 53 ] With the emergence of environmental justice movements in the United States through the 1990s, President Bill Clinton released executive orders 12898 (1994 ...