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M81 (left) and M82 (right). M82 is one of two galaxies strongly influenced gravitationally by M81. The other, NGC 3077, is located off the top edge of this image. M81 with satellite galaxy Holmberg IX in the top center-right corner. Only one supernova has been detected in Messier 81. [18]
The M81 Group is a galaxy group in the constellations Ursa Major and Camelopardalis that includes the galaxies Messier 81 and Messier 82, as well as several other galaxies with high apparent brightnesses. [1]
Messier 82 (also known as NGC 3034, Cigar Galaxy or M82) is a starburst galaxy approximately 12 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major.It is the second-largest member of the M81 Group, with the D 25 isophotal diameter of 12.52 kiloparsecs (40,800 light-years).
This encompasses about 50 major Local Group galaxies, and some that are members of neighboring galaxy groups, the M81 Group and the Centaurus A/M83 Group, and some that are currently not in any defined galaxy group.
Size (left) and distance (right) of a few well-known galaxies put to scale. There are an estimated 100 billion galaxies in all of the observable universe. [1] On the order of 100,000 galaxies make up the Local Supercluster, and about 51 galaxies are in the Local Group (see list of nearest galaxies for a complete list).
SN 2014J was a type-Ia supernova in Messier 82 (the 'Cigar Galaxy', M82) discovered in mid-January 2014. [3] It was the closest type-Ia supernova discovered for 42 years, and no subsequent supernova has been closer as of 2023 [update] .
Density wave theory is the preferred explanation for the well-defined structure of grand design spirals, [2] first suggested by Chia-Chiao Lin and Frank Shu in 1964. [3] The term "grand design" was not used in this work, but appeared in the 1966 continuation paper; [4] Lin [5] (along with Yuan and Shu [6]) is usually credited with coining of the term.
M82 X-1 is an ultra-luminous X-ray source located in the galaxy M82. It is a candidate intermediate-mass black hole , with the exact mass estimate varying from around 100 to 1000 solar masses. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] One of the most luminous ULXs ever known, its luminosity exceeds the Eddington limit for a stellar mass object.