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In some simplified expositions, the monetary multiplier is presented as simply the reciprocal of the reserve ratio, if any, required by the central bank. More generally, the multiplier will depend on the preferences of households , the legal regulation and the business policies of commercial banks - factors which the central bank can influence ...
The number π (/ p aɪ / ⓘ; spelled out as "pi") is a mathematical constant, approximately equal to 3.14159, that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.It appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics, and some of these formulae are commonly used for defining π, to avoid relying on the definition of the length of a curve.
[4] [5] He created the first global projection of the world, incorporating parallels and meridians based on the available geographic knowledge of his era. [ 4 ] Eratosthenes was the founder of scientific chronology ; [ 6 ] he used Egyptian and Persian records to estimate the dates of the main events of the Trojan War , dating the sack of Troy ...
Special relativity predicts otherwise. Fig. 5-3 illustrates two common variants of this scenario. Both variants can be analyzed using simple time dilation arguments. [21] In Fig. 5-3a, the receiver observes light from the source as being blueshifted by a factor of . In Fig. 5-3b, the light is redshifted by the same factor.
The CGS unit is the poise (P, or g·cm −1 ·s −1 = 0.1 Pa·s), [28] named after Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille. It is commonly expressed, particularly in ASTM standards, as centipoise (cP). The centipoise is convenient because the viscosity of water at 20 °C is about 1 cP, and one centipoise is equal to the SI millipascal second (mPa·s).
The Italian statistician Corrado Gini developed the Gini coefficient and published it in his 1912 paper Variabilità e mutabilità (English: variability and mutability). [16] [17] Building on the work of American economist Max Lorenz, Gini proposed using the difference between the hypothetical straight line depicting perfect equality and the actual line depicting people's incomes as a measure ...
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the total market value [1] of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country [2] or countries. [3] [4] [5] GDP is often used to measure the economic performance of a country or region. [2]
The quantum Hall effect (or integer quantum Hall effect) is a quantized version of the Hall effect which is observed in two-dimensional electron systems subjected to low temperatures and strong magnetic fields, in which the Hall resistance R xy exhibits steps that take on the quantized values