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1860 engraving depicting the performing horse Marocco. A significant portion of medieval technical literature consists of treatises on veterinary care. [S 11] Arab and Muslim scholars made notable contributions to the knowledge of equine medicine, education, [5] and training, in part due to the contributions of the translator Ibn Akhî Hizâm, who wrote around 895, [6] and Ibn al-Awam, who ...
Engraving depicting the Marocco horse.. Most medieval technical literature consists of treatises on hippiatry, or veterinary care manuals. [S 11] Arab-Muslim civilization made a major contribution to knowledge of hippiatry, equine education, [5] and training, notably thanks to the translator Ibn Akhî Hizâm, who wrote around 895, [6] and Ibn al-Awam, who advocated the rejection of violence ...
Clever Hans performing in 1904. Clever Hans (German: der Kluge Hans; c. 1895 – c. 1916) was a horse that appeared to perform arithmetic and other intellectual tasks.. In 1907, psychologist Oskar Pfungst demonstrated that the horse was not actually performing these mental tasks, but was watching the reactions of his trai
Personality in animals has been investigated across a variety of different scientific fields including agricultural science, animal behaviour, anthropology, psychology, veterinary medicine, and zoology. [1] Thus, the definition for animal personality may vary according to the context and scope of study.
A cognitive bias refers to a systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, whereby inferences about other individuals or situations may be drawn in an illogical fashion. Cognitive bias is sometimes illustrated by using answers to the question "Is the glass half empty or half full?". Choosing "half empty" is supposed to ...
Cognitive tests are assessments of the cognitive capabilities of humans and other animals. Tests administered to humans include various forms of IQ tests ; those administered to animals include the mirror test (a test of visual self-awareness ) and the T maze test (which tests learning ability).
Christopher Michael Langan (born March 25, 1952) is an American horse rancher and former bar bouncer, known for scoring highly on an IQ test that gained him entry to a high IQ society, and for being formerly listed in the Guinness Book of Records high IQ section under the pseudonym of Eric Hart, alongside Marilyn vos Savant and Keith Raniere.
After readers answer the questions about their personality and physical attributes, the test returns a number corresponding to one of the 45 animal personality types, appearing in a look-up table. The underlying mechanisms for these types of tests are trivial for modern software based Internet tests , but this is the first known example of a ...