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The Orange Free State (Dutch: Oranje Vrijstaat [oːˈrɑɲə ˈvrɛistaːt]; Afrikaans: Oranje-Vrystaat [uˈraɲə ˈfrəistɑːt]) was an independent Boer-ruled sovereign republic under British suzerainty in Southern Africa during the second half of the 19th century, which ceased to exist after it was defeated and surrendered to the British Empire at the end of the Second Boer War in 1902.
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Joseph Millerd Orpen (5 November 1828 – 17 December 1923) was an influential colonial administrator for the British empire in southern Africa, as well as a local member of the Cape Parliament and the Orange Free State Volksraad. In addition, he was a self-taught anthropologist and a student of indigenous southern African cultures.
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Its predecessor was the Orange River Colony which in 1902 had replaced the Orange Free State, a Boer republic. Its outside borders were the same as those of the modern Free State Province ; except for the bantustans ("homelands") of QwaQwa and one part of Bophuthatswana , which were contained on land inside of the provincial Orange Free State ...
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The state president of the Orange Free State had the executive authority in the Orange Free State. By the constitution of 1854, the president was elected by the Burghers, from a list of candidates nominated by the Volksraad for a term of five years. There were no term-limits. [1] The Old Presidency in Bloemfontein
A consulate office was established in the United States for the Orange Free State until 1902 when the Free State ceased existence. An extradition treaty was signed on October 28, 1896, in Washington, D.C. by U.S. Secretary of State Richard Olney and the Consul General of the Orange Free State in the United States Charles D. Pierce. [2]