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Sulfur can have an oxidation state from -2 to +6 and is reduced or oxidized ... assimilatory sulfate reduction is a more complex process that makes use of the ...
The oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds is performed exclusively by Bacteria and Archaea.All the Archaea involved in this process are aerobic and belong to the Order Sulfolobales, [19] [20] characterized by acidophiles (extremophiles that require low pHs to grow) and thermophiles (extremophiles that require high temperatures to grow).
Sulfur can be found under several oxidation states in nature, mainly −2, −1, 0, +2 (apparent), +2.5 (apparent), +4, and +6. When two sulfur atoms are present in the same polyatomic oxyanion in an asymmetrical situation, i.e, each bound to different groups as in thiosulfate, the oxidation state calculated from the known oxidation state of accompanying atoms (H = +1, and O = −2) can be an ...
The most well-studied sulfur specific pathway is the 4S pathway, first discovered in the bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis (strain IGTS8), [1] which was observed to remove sulfur from dibenzothiophenes and derivatives in three steps: i) a double oxidation of the sulfur (to sulfoxide and sulfone) performed by a flavin-dependent monoxygenase ...
The resulting hydrogen sulfide from this process, and also as it occurs in natural gas, is converted into elemental sulfur by the Claus process, which entails oxidation of some hydrogen sulfide to sulfur dioxide and then the comproportionation of the two: [85] [86]
Instead of releasing oxygen gas while fixing carbon dioxide as in photosynthesis, hydrogen sulfide chemosynthesis produces solid globules of sulfur in the process. Mechanism of Action In deep sea environments, different organisms have been observed to have the ability to oxidize reduced compounds such as hydrogen sulfide. [ 7 ]
Sulfation is a process used to remove "sulfur" from the combustion of fossil fuels. The goal is to minimize the pollution by the combusted gases. Combustion of sulfur-containing fuels releases sulfur dioxide , which, in the atmosphere, oxidizes to the equivalent of sulfuric acid , which is corrosive.
The sulfur is recovered as concentrated sulfuric acid and the nitrogen oxides are reduced to free nitrogen. The process is based on the well-known wet sulfuric acid process (WSA), a process for recovering sulfur from various process gasses in the form of commercial quality sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4). [1] [2] [3]