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ggplot2 is an open-source data visualization package for the statistical programming language R.Created by Hadley Wickham in 2005, ggplot2 is an implementation of Leland Wilkinson's Grammar of Graphics—a general scheme for data visualization which breaks up graphs into semantic components such as scales and layers. ggplot2 can serve as a replacement for the base graphics in R and contains a ...
Chart Studio Cloud is a free, online tool for creating interactive graphs. It has a point-and-click graphical user interface for importing and analyzing data into a grid and using stats tools. [ 13 ] Graphs can be embedded or downloaded.
A Poincaré plot, named after Henri Poincaré, is a graphical representation used to visualize the relationship between consecutive data points in time series to detect patterns and irregularities in the time series, revealing information about the stability of dynamical systems, providing insights into periodic orbits, chaotic motions, and bifurcations.
The line width illustrates a comparison (size of the army at points in time), while the temperature axis suggests a cause of the change in army size. This multivariate display on a two-dimensional surface tells a story that can be grasped immediately while identifying the source data to build credibility.
R is a programming language for statistical computing and data visualization. It has been adopted in the fields of data mining, bioinformatics and data analysis. [9] The core R language is augmented by a large number of extension packages, containing reusable code, documentation, and sample data. R software is open-source and free software.
R-functions are used in computer graphics and geometric modeling in the context of implicit surfaces and the function representation. They also appear in certain boundary-value problems , and are also popular in certain artificial intelligence applications, where they are used in pattern recognition .
A sample solution in the Lorenz attractor when ρ = 28, σ = 10, and β = 8 / 3 . The Lorenz system is a system of ordinary differential equations first studied by mathematician and meteorologist Edward Lorenz.
Here, time increases from top to bottom, i.e., vertically, along the ordinate, or y-axis; while the oscillation contours are oriented from left to right, horizontally, on the abscissa, or x-axis. Thus, over calendar time from April to September, the movements of any specific contour-value are depicted as from west to east—that is, from 20E ...