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1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC, EDAC or EDCI) is a water-soluble carbodiimide usually handled as the hydrochloride. [1] It is typically employed in the 4.0-6.0 pH range. It is generally used as a carboxyl activating agent for the coupling of primary amines to yield amide bonds.
Industrially, it is prepared by carboalkoxylation, i.e., the reaction of ethylene with carbon monoxide and methanol in the presence of a catalyst: C 2 H 4 + CO + MeOH → MeO 2 CCH 2 CH 3 The reaction is catalyzed by nickel carbonyl and palladium(0) complexes.
Together with its conjugate base superoxide, hydroperoxyl is an important reactive oxygen species.Unlike • O − 2, which has reducing properties, HO • 2 can act as an oxidant in a number of biologically important reactions, such as the abstraction of hydrogen atoms from tocopherol and polyunstaturated fatty acids in the lipid bilayer.
A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [ 1 ] The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements , whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding ...
Important compounds made in this way include tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide and ethylbenzene hydroperoxide: [7] R−H + O 2 → R−OOH. Auto-oxidation reaction is also observed with common ethers, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and 1,4-dioxane. An illustrative product is diethyl ether peroxide.
Acetic anhydride, or ethanoic anhydride, is the chemical compound with the formula (CH 3 CO) 2 O. Commonly abbreviated Ac 2 O, it is the simplest isolable anhydride of a carboxylic acid and is widely used as a reagent in organic synthesis. It is a colorless liquid that smells strongly of acetic acid, which is formed by its reaction with ...
Ethyl propionate is an organic compound with formula C 2 H 5 O 2 CCH 2 CH 3. It is the ethyl ester of propionic acid. It is a colorless volatile liquid with a pineapple-like odor. [3] Some fruits such as kiwis [4] and strawberries [5] contain ethyl propionate in small amounts.
Diimide decomposes readily. Even at low temperatures, the more stable trans isomer rapidly undergoes various disproportionation reactions, primarily forming hydrazine and nitrogen gas: [5] 2 HN=NH → H 2 N−NH 2 + N 2. Because of this competing decomposition reaction, reductions with diimide typically require a large excess of the precursor ...