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Sailing ship tactics were the naval tactics employed by sailing ships in contrast to galley tactics employed by oared vessels. This article focuses on the period from c. 1500 to the mid-19th century, after which sailing warships were replaced with steam-powered ironclads .
Tacking or coming about is a sailing maneuver by which a sailing craft (sailing vessel, ice boat, or land yacht), whose next destination is into the wind, turns its bow toward and through the wind so that the direction from which the wind blows changes from one side of the boat to the other, allowing progress in the desired direction. [1]
Sailing Theory and Practice, Adlard Coles Nautical, 1964, Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number 64-13694. Aero-hydrodynamics of sailing, ISBN 0-229-98652-8; Aerodynamik und Hydrodynamik des Segelns, ISBN 3-7688-0390-2; Sail performance: techniques to maximize sail power, ISBN 0-07-141310-3; Seaworthiness: the forgotten factor, ISBN 0-87742 ...
Seamanship Techniques Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 25-57. ISBN 978-0750622035 . 21st Century Seamanship , Witherby Publishing Group , 2015, ISBN 1-85609632-7 .
Navigation (from the Latin word navigatio) is the act of sailing or voyaging.Nautical (from Latin nautĭca, and this from Greek ναυτική [τέχνη] nautikḗ [téjne] "[art of] sailing" and from ναύτης nautes "sailor") is that pertaining to navigation and the science and art of sailing.
Lift on a sail (L), acting as an airfoil, occurs in a direction perpendicular to the incident airstream (the apparent wind velocity, V A, for the head sail) and is a result of pressure differences between the windward and leeward surfaces and depends on angle of attack, sail shape, air density, and speed of the apparent wind.
In sailing, heaving to (to heave to and to be hove to) is a way of slowing a sailing vessel's forward progress, as well as fixing the helm and sail positions so that the vessel does not have to be steered. [1] It is commonly used for a "break"; this may be to wait for the tide before proceeding, or to wait out a strong or contrary wind.
A sailing vessel heels when the boat leans over to the side in reaction to wind forces on the sails. A sailing vessel's form stability (derived from the shape of the hull and the position of the center of gravity) is the starting point for resisting heeling. Catamarans and iceboats have a wide stance that makes them resistant to heeling.