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The island of Trinidad is only 20 km from the mainland of South America, and a land bridge existed as late as 1,500 years ago. So the flora and fauna are most similar to those of the continent. The island of Tobago is a further 40 km from the northern edge of Trinidad, and its land bridge disappeared 11,500 years ago, but its species mix is ...
Trinidad and Tobago is home to about 99 species of terrestrial mammals. About 65 of the mammalian species in the islands are bats (including cave roosting, tree and cavity roosting bats and even foliage-tent-making bats; all with widely differing diets from nectar and fruit, to insects, small vertebrates such as fish, frogs, small birds and rodents and even those that consume vertebrate blood).
The Pitch Lake is the largest natural deposit of bitumen in the world, estimated to contain 10 million tons. It is located in La Brea in southwest Trinidad, within the Siparia Regional Corporation. The lake covers about 0.405 square kilometres (100 acres) and is reported to be 76.2 metres (250 feet) deep. [1]
The flora of Trinidad and Tobago is believed to include about 2,500 species of vascular plants. [1] There are about 50 species of freshwater fish (plus 30 marine species which are occasionally found in freshwater) [2] 400–500 marine fish species, [3] 30 amphibian species, about 90 reptiles, [2] 469 species of birds, and 98 mammal species.
Trinidad and Tobago has a far lower rate of endemism, probably as a result of its geological history. The islands of Trinidad and Tobago lie on the South American continental shelf, and were both connected to the mainland during the Pleistocene. Tobago was separated from the mainland about 13,000 years ago; Trinidad was connected until more ...
Dry forest on Chacachacare, showing the short, shrubby growth-form of the forest.. Trinidad and Tobago dry forests are tropical dry forests located primarily in western and southern parts of the island of Trinidad, in southern parts of the island of Tobago and on smaller offshore islands including Chacachacare, Monos, Huevos, Gaspar Grande, Little Tobago and Saint Giles Island.
Maracas Valley is a valley in Trinidad that is separated by two mountains between Maracas–Saint Joseph and Maracas Beach. Maracas valley is part of the biodiverse Northern Range mountain range. The region was once inhabited by the Amerindians. There is a rock outcrop that features petroglyphs created by the valley's earliest inhabitants.
A shaded relief map of Trinidad showing the Northern Range The hills of the Northern Range rising behind the Queen's Park Oval in Trinidad. The Northern Range is the range of tall hills across north Trinidad, the major island in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. The hills range from the Chaguaramas peninsula on the west coast to Toco in the ...