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In two-way immersion programs, also called dual- or bilingual immersion, the student population consists of speakers of two or more languages. Two-way immersion programs in the US promote L1 speakers of a language other than English to maintain that language as well as to teach English as a second language (ESL). [11]
Students in a maintenance bilingual education program should graduate being able to have a discussion about any content area in either language. [6] Two common forms of maintenance bilingual education are two-way/dual language immersion and developmental (late-exit) bilingual education. Both programs are considered language immersion programs.
Immersion in a foreign language, as defined above, is a subtype within the realm of bilingual education as a tool that effectively promotes proficiency in two languages. [3] It has been found that students enrolled in an early-immersion program learn the language being taught at an almost-native proficiency by age 11.
The number of programs has increased significantly in the last decade, despite efforts made in states such as Arizona and California to eradicate bilingual education programs in favor of English-immersion, with the passing of Proposition 203 and Proposition 227, respectively. It is estimated that 94% of the dual immersion programs are Spanish ...
Transitional Bilingual Education programs are introduced in kindergarten and can continue up to grade six or seven. English as a second language courses are sometimes incorporated to provide supplemental instruction. Transitional bilingual education programs are divided into two categories: early-exit and late-exit.
French immersion is a form of bilingual education in which students who do not speak French as a first language will receive instruction in French. In most French- immersion schools , students will learn to speak French and learn most subjects such as history, music, geography, art, physical education and science in French.
Structured English Immersion (SEI) is a total immersion bilingual education technique for rapidly teaching English to English language learners.The term was coined by Keith Baker and Adriana de Kanter in a 1983 recommendation to schools to make use of Canada's successful French immersion programs. [1]
The first method is language immersion programs which is when the beginning of the students school career is done in the second language and then later on the child would be taught in English. [7] The second method is bilingual education which is when subjects are taught in both English and their mother tongue. [7]