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This is thought to help the animals move to new feeding grounds and avoid predators. [6] The sea cucumber ranges in size from 11 to 25 centimeters (4.3 to 9.8 in). [7] Its most distinct feature is its coloring, which is dictated by size: small enypniastes are a bright pink, and larger individuals are a more reddish-brown color.
Aquaculture means the sea cucumbers are farmed in contained areas where they can be cultured in a controlled manner. In China, sea cucumbers are cultured, along with prawns and some fish species, in integrated multi-trophic systems. In these systems, the sea cucumbers feed on the waste and feces from the other species.
Sea apple is the common name for the colorful and somewhat round sea cucumbers of the genus Pseudocolochirus, found in Indo-Pacific waters. [2] [3] Sea apples are filter feeders with tentacles, ovate bodies, and tube-like feet. As with many other holothurians, they can release their internal organs or a toxin into the water when stressed. [3] [4]
Live fish food include earthworms, sludge worms, water fleas, bloodworms, and feeder fish. Food for larvae and young fish include infusoria (Protozoa and other microorganisms), newly hatched brine shrimp and microworms. These are the most preferred type of food for fish, but are difficult to get and can be quite expensive.
A sea cucumber atop gravel, feeding. A pharynx lies behind the mouth and is surrounded by a ring of ten calcareous plates. In most sea cucumbers, this is the only substantial part of the skeleton, and it forms the point of attachment for muscles that can retract the tentacles into the body for safety as for the main muscles of the body wall.
The Philippine balatan or sea cucumber breeding/harvesting. Sea cucumbers destined for food are traditionally harvested by hand from small watercraft, a process called "trepanging" after the Indonesian Malay word for sea cucumber teripang. [3] They are dried for preservation, and must be rehydrated by boiling and soaking in water for several days.
Sea cucumbers in the genus Leptosynapta have the ability to regenerate parts of its body if certain sections are lost due to ecological or predatory circumstances. This process of regeneration is called morphallaxis, where any residual tissues of the sea cucumber are redifferentiated to produce a smaller, but complete, animal.
Fish farming or pisciculture involves commercial breeding of fish, most often for food, in fish tanks or artificial enclosures such as fish ponds. It is a particular type of aquaculture , which is the controlled cultivation and harvesting of aquatic animals such as fish, crustaceans , molluscs and so on, in natural or pseudo-natural environments.