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Combinatorics is an area of mathematics primarily concerned with counting, both as a means and as an end to obtaining results, and certain properties of finite structures.It is closely related to many other areas of mathematics and has many applications ranging from logic to statistical physics and from evolutionary biology to computer science.
Combinatorics. 97 rules and 45 examples. [1] Generating permutations (including of a multiset), combinations, integer partitions, binomial coefficients, generalized Fibonacci numbers. [2] Narayana Pandita noted the equivalence of the figurate numbers and the formulae for the number of combinations of different things taken so many at a time. [4]
Combinatorics on words is a fairly new field of mathematics, branching from combinatorics, which focuses on the study of words and formal languages. The subject looks at letters or symbols, and the sequences they form. Combinatorics on words affects various areas of mathematical study, including algebra and computer science. There have been a ...
It covers most notably his theory of permutations and combinations; the standard foundations of combinatorics today and subsets of the foundational problems today known as the twelvefold way. It also discusses the motivation and applications of a sequence of numbers more closely related to number theory than probability; these Bernoulli numbers ...
Pingala is credited with being the first to express the combinatorics of Sanskrit metre, eg. [9] Create a syllable list x comprising one light (L) and heavy (G) syllable: Repeat till list x contains only words of the desired length n. Replicate list x as lists a and b. Append syllable L to each element of list a; Append syllable G to each ...
A minimum spanning tree of a weighted planar graph.Finding a minimum spanning tree is a common problem involving combinatorial optimization. Combinatorial optimization is a subfield of mathematical optimization that consists of finding an optimal object from a finite set of objects, [1] where the set of feasible solutions is discrete or can be reduced to a discrete set.
Combinatorics is a branch of mathematics that studies finite collections of objects that satisfy specified criteria, and is in particular concerned with "counting" the objects in those collections (enumerative combinatorics) and with deciding whether certain "optimal" objects exist (extremal combinatorics).
A combinatorial explosion can also occur in some puzzles played on a grid, such as Sudoku. [2] A Sudoku is a type of Latin square with the additional property that each element occurs exactly once in sub-sections of size √ n × √ n (called boxes).