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  2. Testudo formation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testudo_formation

    The testudo was a common formation in the Middle Ages, being used by Muhammad's forces during the Siege of Ta'if in 630, [4] also by the Carolingian Frankish soldiers of Louis the Pious to advance on the walls of Barcelona during the siege of 800–801, by Vikings during the siege of Paris in 885–886, by East Frankish soldiers under king ...

  3. Testudo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testudo

    Testudo formation, a Roman military tactic which involved a formation of soldiers using their shields to form a tortoise-shell-like protective cover against enemy weapons; Testudo, the Latin variant of the Greek chelys harp, involving a sound-box made from a tortoise shell; Testudo, an obsolete constellation now in the constellation of Pisces

  4. Greek tortoise - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_tortoise

    The Greek tortoise (Testudo graeca), also known commonly as the spur-thighed tortoise [1] or Moorish tortoise, [3] is a species of tortoise in the family Testudinidae. Testudo graeca is one of five species of Mediterranean tortoises ( genera Testudo and Agrionemys ).

  5. Testudo (genus) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testudo_(genus)

    Testudo, the Mediterranean tortoises, are a genus of tortoises found in North Africa, Western Asia, and Europe. Several species are under threat in the wild, mainly ...

  6. Chelys - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelys

    Cylix of Apollo with the chelys lyre, on a 5th-century BC drinking cup (). The chelys or chelus (Greek: χέλυς, Latin: testudo, both meaning "turtle" or "tortoise"), was a stringed musical instrument, the common lyre of the ancient Greeks, which had a convex back of tortoiseshell or of wood shaped like the shell.

  7. Shield wall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shield_wall

    Police form a testudo shield wall. Although obsolete as a military tactic because of firearms and explosives, a wall of riot shields remains a common formation for police worldwide for protection against large groups using improvised weapons, punches, kicks, and thrown objects such as bricks, bottles, and Molotov cocktails.

  8. Aldabra giant tortoise - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldabra_giant_tortoise

    Testudo gigantea Schweigger, 1812: 327 [3] Testudo dussumieri Schlegel in Gray, 1830: 3 (nomen nudum) Testudo dussumieri — Gray, 1831d: 9 (nomen rejectum, ICZN 2013) Testudo elephantina A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1835: 110 [4] Testudo ponderosa Günther, 1877: 35 [5] Testudo sumeirei Sauzier, 1892: 396; Testudo gouffei Rothschild, 1906: 753

  9. African spurred tortoise - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_spurred_tortoise

    In 1779 the English illustrator John Frederick Miller included a hand-coloured plate of the African spurred tortoise in his Icones animalium et plantarum and coined the binomial name Testudo sulcata. [4] Its specific name sulcata is from the Latin word sulcus meaning "furrow" and refers to the furrows on the tortoise's scales. [5]