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The apple maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella), also known as the railroad worm (but distinct from the Phrixothrix beetle larva, also called railroad worm), is a species of fruit fly, and a pest of several types of fruits, mostly apples.
The Apple Maggot Quarantine Area was established to control the spread of the apple maggot (pictured) into a protected agricultural area of eastern Washington.The apple maggot, which is not indigenous to the Pacific Northwest, was discovered to have arrived in Washington in 1980. [1]
Apple Maggot Quarantine Area is virtually all arable areas of the United States outside of Eastern Washington (green), the state's major apple production zone. Botrytis cinerea is a major apple disease in Washington. [14] SDHIs are commonly used, especially boscalid, which has produced a resistance problem. [14]
Bush is best known for his research on the process of speciation, [2] especially for his evidence of sympatric speciation in the apple maggot fruit fly, Rhagoletis pomonella, which shifted from using its native host, hawthorn tree, to using the domesticated apple tree in the last 150-200 years. [3] [4]
Diachasmimorpha mellea (formerly known as Biosteres melleus) is a species of braconid parasitoid wasp which attacks multiple species of Rhagoletis fruit flies, including R. pomonella, the apple maggot fly. This wasp has been found throughout much of the United States and in Central Mexico.
Rhagoletis mendax Curran, 1932 – blueberry maggot; Rhagoletis metallica (Schiner, 1868) Rhagoletis mongolica Kandybina, 1972; Rhagoletis nicaraguensis Hernández-Ortiz, 1999; Rhagoletis nova (Schiner, 1868) Rhagoletis ochraspis (Wiedemann, 1830) Rhagoletis osmanthi Bush, 1966; Rhagoletis penela Foote, 1981; Rhagoletis persimilis Bush, 1966
Another distantly related family of flies, Tephritidae, are true fruit flies because they are frugivorous, and include apple maggot flies and many pests. The best known species of the Drosophilidae is Drosophila melanogaster , within the genus Drosophila , also called the "fruit fly."
Rhagoletis pomonella, the apple maggot, may be currently undergoing sympatric or, more precisely, heteropatric (see heteropatry) speciation. The apple feeding race of this species appears to have spontaneously emerged from the hawthorn feeding race in the 1800–1850 AD time frame, after apples were first introduced into North America.